Agents of Socialization (e.g., the family, mass media, peers, workplace)
Social entities that convey social norms, shared beliefs, or values are called agents of socialization. Socialization is a lifelong process driving the development and spreading of customs and norms, and is highly influences by four different agents: family, mass media, peers, and the workplace (or school), all described in the figure below. Agents of socialization are the main factors that drive cultural transmission and cultural diffusion.
Cultural Transmission and Diffusion
Cultural transmission is the process in which society socializes its members, while cultural diffusion is the spread of customs, beliefs, and social norms across cultures, religions, and ethnicities at a higher level.
Primary and Secondary Socializations
Socialization occurring during childhood that shapes one’s attitude and recognition of acceptable actions are called primary socialization and typically occurs in the child’s household. Later in life, individuals will respond to secondary socialization, which occurs outside of their home and teaches them how to properly respond to particular situations. The main difference between primary and secondary socialization is that secondary socialization occurs within smaller sections or subgroups of society, such as groups at schools.
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